Sensory Profile Overview

Every day we are bombarded with different senses in our world. 

How do we respond to those senses?

Do we stop to smell the roses? (I prefer peonies but also happy to smell the roses)
Do we try to avoid them (walking to the other side of the street)? 
Did you miss the fact there were roses on your walk?
Did the smell annoy you and cause you to scrunch up your face?

We are all unique.  This means that we all process senses in different ways. 

Some of our children have difficulty coping with the senses in the world they live in.  It can affect their ability to get dressed, go to sleep, participate in the classroom or enjoy a walk in nature.

Sometimes our bodies enjoy sensations that are calming and regulate us (I'm thinking a massage, coffee, warm shower and a warm fire for myself). We may actively seek those things as we enjoy them. We crave them to relax us.   

Sometimes our bodies are stressed and the demands of the enviroment (or activity) causes us to respond by avoiding them.  For me that's doing filing my finger nails.  I have never been for a professional manicure!

Sometimes are bodies are hypervigilant and we notice everything going on around us.  We may be fearful  and anxious or just very alert.  We may not do anything about it but those feelings are still there. I'm thinking of times when I'm alone walking at night or in a foreign country unable to speak the language. 

Sometimes our bodies are lethargic and we are oblivious to anything going on around us. Maybe we are focused on one thing while other things are happening around us.  Maybe we ignore things that we shouldn't.  We miss the train announcement telling us that the next train has been cancelled and then we board the wrong train.  We don't notice how sleepy we are and keep reading in bed until we are over-tired.

Don't relate to any of my examples?  Remember we are all unique and we have different ways to process sensory information. 

In this article, I am providing an overview of  Winnie Dunn's sensory framework.  Winnie Dunn is the author and creator of The Sensory Profile-2. This is an assessment that is used (predominantly by occupational therapists) to help provide information about how a child (or adolescent or adult) process sensory information.  Dunn describes this framework as an explanation of the "interplay between neurological thresholds and self-regulatory behavioural responses to explain how we process sensory information".  

There are four broad profiles, however people can experience aspects of each profile depending on the environment or the activity.  For some people one profile may be significantly dominant, affecting all aspects of their life. 

Bystander

The "bystander" may miss sensory cues.  They have a high threshold (ie. it takes a lot for them to notice) they respond passively. They may need more intense sensory experiences to register the information. 

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Sensor

The "sensory" reacts more quickly and more intensely to sensory information. They may have a high level of awareness to their envrionment (low threshold).

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Seeker

​The "seeker" is busier and more engaged in sensory experiences.  They actively seek self-regulation and have a high threshold (can manage more input than others). 

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Avoider

The "avoider" is more likely to retreat (active self-regulation) from unfamiliar situations and prefers environments with limited sensory input (low threshold). 

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When is intervention required? 

Just because we process sensory information uniquely, doesn't mean that we all need "intervention".  This depends on the affect that sensory processing has on the tasks we want to do, when it affects our daily living and functional capacity. 

Some intervention may be "easy".  We can cut off those clothing tags so the person who is hypersensitive doesn't have to experience it.  Familiarity and predictability of routines or environments can help some people process sensory information.  Other people will require more intensive sensory opportunities, incorporating them into daily life. 

I will explore the sensory profiles more closely with a look at how they may affect our school-age children in future blogs.  In the meantime, here is an infographic by Pearson Clinical with a look at framework (can you spot the typo)?  For the studious, you may like to watch a presentation by Winnie Dunn "Situating sensory processing with other approaches". 

Do the sensory profiles reasonate with you or can you see your children in the descriptions? 

Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
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