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Developing Hand Strength for Scissor Skills, Handwriting and More!

22/4/2017

Ever have an arm wrestle? or pulled in a "tug of war"? or have you tried indoor rock climbing?

These activities all require a significant amount of upper body, hand and finger strength. We might not all win arm wrestles ... but we all require adequate strength in our arms, hands and fingers to perform daily activities.

Children need adequate hand and finger strength to carry out their daily "jobs" such as writing, using scissors, doing up buttons and using a knife and fork. When muscles in the hands are strong, children can hold tools for longer and use them more efficiently.

If a child has weak hand muscles they may tire quickly (giving up) or swap hands (to give the other hand a turn). In using scissors, they may have difficulty opening and closing their hand adequately to cut the page or drive their scissors forward. In using a knife and fork, children with weak hand muscles may not be able to apply adequate pressure to stabilize or cut the food properly. In handwriting, children with weak hand muscles may have difficulty applying pressure to their pencils or they may not be able to write as much as others.

Some children may have poor hand and finger strength due to low muscle tone, developmental delay or a neurological condition. There are sometimes no known cause for a child's hand weakness, however medical advice should be sought if you are concerned.

Activities which help with the development of strength involve some weight bearing or resistance. They involve pushing or pulling and may also be considered "heavy work" when looking at a sensory diet. Read more about sensory diets here.

You could try the following activities to encourage the development of strength!

Upper Body Strength and Stability(hands, arms and shoulders).

Wheelbarrow walks
Animal walks (crab, bear, etc)
Crawling through tunnels, over cushions, under thin mattresses, etc (read more about the benefits of crawling here)
Hanging and swinging from monkey bars (or trees limbs)
Working on a vertical surface (eg. painting, drawing, washing windows, using easels/whiteboards) or even lying on the floor to work on the underside of a table (place some paper on the surface first).
Hanging and swinging on trapeze rings or bars
Overhead flying fox or zip line
Climbing upwards on a slide
Walking a ball "up a wall" with one's hands without dropping it
Push-ups (can be modified on knees)
Plank (can be modified on knees or over a small therapy ball)
Scooter board activities lying prone over the board
Therapy ball activities lying prone over the ball
Throwing and catching a basketball (or similar)
Pulling on a rope
Chair push-ups (from a seated position, lifting whole body up from a chair with arms straight)
Pulling a wagon of toys
Lifting school chairs onto a table
Woodwork activities such as hammering or sawing
Carrying buckets of water or sand

Hand and Finger (Pinch) Grip Strength

Squish, squeeze, poke and manipulate play dough or putty (Read more play dough ideas here.)
Play with rubber bands (use geoboards, make them in a rubber band ball, wrap them around a tennis ball can, etc)
Pulling apart construction toys (such as Duplo bricks, LEGO bricks or pop beads)
Squeeze "popper toys"
Squeeze stress balls or other fidget toys
Use tongs to squeeze and grasp small objects (such as pom poms or blocks)
Scrunch newspaper or other paper into balls and throw them
Tear and rip paper into small shreds
Sharpen pencils with a hand held pencil sharpener (Read why I don't want teachers to sharpen pencils for their kids here.)
Squeeze a hand-held hole puncher or craft punch
Squeeze a sponge to soak up water and squeeze out the water again (ie. washing outdoor toys or furniture)
Squeeze bath toys
Squeeze juice from an orange (or other fruit)
Squeeze a water spray bottle to water plants or spray paint
Help to grate vegetables (ie. carrots, zucchini)
Help to use a sifter that has a squeezable handle (Read more about the benefits of having kids in the kitchen here.)
Pushing hands directly with another child or adult
Squeezing clothes pin (pegs) in games or to hang out laundry
Playing with wind-up toys
Using eye-droppers to transfer water

For even more suggestions for building hand strength read more pincer grip ideas here! Read about heavy work for little fingers HERE!

These hand strengthening activities are a great way to get hands ready for handwriting, scissor skills and more!

Does your child struggle with the strength needed to carry out daily "jobs"? Are they constantly "swapping hands"? What is your favourite way to help develop hand strength?

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developmental progression of scissor use
fine motor skills involvement
gross motor development
sensory considerations and
visual perceptual skills

Each section includes strategies and tips to improve these underlying areas and there is lots more! The book is full of practical therapist tips, strategies for those who struggle and extra tips for lefties!

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Cindy Chuan is a registered Occupational Therapist practising in Sydney Australia. She has two young children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning. Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun.

Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.

Disclosure: Affiliate links are included in this article to promote products that I recommend. This means that if you follow through with a purchase from these links, Your Kids OT will receive a percentage of the sale. Reviews and endorsements of products will only be made based on my expertise and personal opinion; and deemed worthy of such endorsement. The opinions shared in sponsored content will always be my own and not that of the advertising company or brand.

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Pre-scissor Skills: Opening and Closing Hands

19/4/2017

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Parents, do you remember placing your finger into the palm of your baby's hand? They sweetly wrap their fingers around your finger and you go "awww, their holding me!"

This first "grasp" pattern seen in babies at birth is a primitive "grasp reflex". It only lasts for about four months, however it prepares babies for voluntary grasp and release patterns.

Grasp and release patterns are an important part of early child development. At about four months, babies are reaching for objects with a momentary grasp and by about nine months babies are learning to release objects voluntarily (Parks, 1996).

Coordinated grasp and release skills (and therefore the opening and closing action of your child's hand) are important for the development of scissor skills. Children need to be able to hold scissors and guide them to open and close as they cut across paper.

You can use the following activities to encourage children with "opening and closing hands".

Play finger rhymes and sing action songs (for example: Open Shut Them, 5 Little Ducks, Round and Round the Garden). For more finger rhymes refer to this FREE printable.
Play with hand puppets where the hand can open and close the puppet's mouth to talk or sing.
Use tongs or tweezers to pick up small objects such as pom poms, cotton balls, ping pong balls, etc.
Use scissor tongs that are specifically designed with handles similar to scissors, which allow the child to pick up small objects using the "ball" at the end (refer to photograph above).
Incorporate clothespins (pegs) into games and craft activities.
Squeeze spray bottles filled with water or paint.
Use eye-droppers or turkey basters to mix colours or move water.
Squeeze bath toys to squirt water.

Cindy is a registered Occupational Therapist practising in Sydney Australia. She has two young children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning. Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.

Parks, S. (1996). HELP strands: curriculum-based developmental assessment: birth to three years. Palo Alto, CA: VORT Corp.

Scissor Skills Busy Boxes!

12/4/2017

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Cutting, laminating, photo copying, lesson planning .... do you do your preparation in the school holidays?

Teachers and OTs (or an other therapists for that matter)... we have a problem!

We never quite "switch off"!

We are always looking or listening out for a great idea that we can implement with the kids we see. Even on holidays... I notice ramps and think about access, I notice toys in shops and think how I could use that or I watch kids play and guess how old they are! Yep, I have a problem!

Last year we were quarantined at home during one school holidays due to illness (gastro from memory). To make the most of this time, I made these scissor skills busy boxes! I knew that they would come in handy once the illness had passed and I was back at work! These boxes are perfect for home, preschool or in an OT tool kit!

Yes they take a little while to set up but they are worth it!

I sourced theseplastic boxes years ago from IKEA Australia and love that they have little compartments which can be adjusted in size. They also have a lid making them ideal to move around from place to place!

I set up two types of boxes but you could use a combination of craft and cutting strips. The cutting strips were made from scrapbooking paper. This is a little thicker than normal writing paper and easier for little hands to hold and to cut (as it doesn't flop around as much and require too much stability with the non-dominant hand).

In the cutting strip box, I wanted to have a range of developmental stages including shorter strips, thicker lines, thinner lines, curves, straight lines, corners and more! Read more about developmental stages over at MamaOT. If you are making this box for home, you may want to consider where your child is at developmentally before starting!

A craft box is a great way to encourage those who are just starting out with scissors! Present a range of things to cut such as straws, crepe paper, wrapping paper, tissue paper, wool, ribbon, twine, tinsel, etc! Encourage your child's creativity with some glue to stick down all the things they cut!

These scissor skills busy boxes will appeal to your child if they already interested in cutting or they love experimenting with craft supplies!

However, there are some children who are just...not..interested...in...cutting! These are the kids who are referred to OTs because of poor fine motor skills, poor hand strength and poor postural control. Sometimes these children have difficulty with cutting because they have not yet established a hand preference or have poor bilateral coordination (see here for more information).

Here are some tips for using the scissor skills busy boxes!

Consider your child's stage of development. Provide cutting lines which are age-appropriate or just beyond what they can currently manage.
Choose appropriate scissors for your child. There are a wide range of scissors available! Consider your child's hand size and ability. Some scissors provide additional help (such as the spring-loaded preschool scissors below). There are also specific left-handed scissors available.
Help your child to NOTICE the cutting line. Use wool, wikki stix, play dough or pipe cleaners to cover the cutting line. Then take off the material and have your child trace the line with their finger. Help your child to be follow the visual motor cues of the line (even when it turns or curves). I love using glitter to go over the cutting line (and letting the glitter dry). This provides a "bumpy path" for cutting and further sensory feedback for those who need it. (Read more about using glitter in therapy here).
Emphasize "turning points". Use stickers, stamps or even holes to help emphasize when scissors need to turn to stay "on the line".
Stick it down! Whether your child is cutting out lines or craft material, turn this into something tangible for your child. Help them to make a crooked road, cages for zoo animals, design a city or some other fabulous work of art. Giving your child's scissor skill practice a purpose will be more rewarding for your child than just cutting out various lines for the sake of up-skilling their scissor skills. This will also encourage imagination and play!
Be on hand to help. You could use these "busy boxes" to keep your child entertain themselves happily snipping and cutting. If your child is not so keen or is just starting out, be on hand to help. Your child may need help to open and close the scissors. They may need help to stabilise the item being cut. They may need help to use both hand simultaneously. They may need help to turn the page. They may need help to keep going and persevere with something they find difficult.

Please tell me that I'm not the only one who has trouble "switching off"! Perhaps this is a subconscious reason I started this blog, so that I could record ideas and observations!

Have you got a "busy box" for scissor skill practice? What have you included in your box?

For more great ideas, tips and neat tricks to help your child develop scissor skills... watch this space! The Functional Skills for Kids Team (that includes me) are working on our next e-book just on scissor skills! "The Scissor Skills book" will be launched very soon! I will be sure to tell you about our launch specials if you are subscribed to receive the YKOT e-newsletter (thank you to those who are already subscribed).

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Why is my child stuttering all of a sudden? {GUEST POST}

5/4/2017

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Please welcome today's guest blogger, speech pathologist Vincent Borg from Box Hill Speech Pathology Clinic. Vincent is a leading specialist in stuttering therapy with almost 36 years of practice. Vincent is here to share about stuttering; what signs to look for, what to monitor and the treatment options which may help! This is a subject close to home as I sought speech pathology assistance for my son before he started school so that we could address a mild stutter. We participated in the Lidcombe program which is mentioned in this article!

It’s a common concern we hear at our speech pathology practice, particularly from parents of toddlers and pre-schoolers, “Our toddler started stuttering overnight.” It can be particularly worrisome for parents when their child was speaking perfectly fine beforehand.

Between the age of two and four years old, children suddenly have so much to say! Quite often their little brains simply cannot keep up with all the things they want to say not to mention also trying to figure out how to put sounds and words together into phrases that make sense.

Signs of stuttering in toddlers and pre-schoolers
Stuttering can not only present itself as sound, word or phrase repetition, for example,‘w-w-w-will you play with me?’ or ‘can-can-can I go outside?’ or ‘I want to, I want to, I want to um go home now’ but can present itself as a stuck or blocked sound production or the stretching of sounds, for example, ‘Ca___n I have a drink please?’

The development of language skills is like a huge jigsaw puzzle for young children as they try to grasp new words, sounds and phrases and dysfluency quite often occurs during this developmental period. Some children outgrow their stuttering once they move through this phase and some don’t. It can bequite difficult to determine whether or not stuttering is normal or if it will pass, this is why it’s best to take a proactive approach.

Closely monitoring the dysfluency is essential and if you’re concerned or unsure about your child’s stuttering, seeking speech therapy for stuttering from an experienced speech pathologist will give you answers and set your mind at ease. Treatment is most effective if started before the child turns six years old.

What types of stuttering treatment are available? Do they work?
The Lidcombe Program is a best practice treatment for young children who stutter in Australia. The program is a parent training program which teaches parents how to provide feedback regarding their child’s speech that is carefully worded and well-timed, during specific games and naturally occurring situations.

Parents and children that have undertaken the Lidcombe Program say that the program is fun and easy to implement. Children enjoy coming to our clinic to engage in the ‘smooth talking games’ and parents feel very empowered because they are equipped with the knowledge and tools to be able to be a direct therapist for their child.

What is smooth talking?
Smooth talking can also be known as speech restructuring, smooth speech, prolonged speech or The Camperdown Program and it teaches children with a stutter to use a slightly altered speech style to control their stuttering. This approach is effective in reducing stuttering where accurate self-monitoring and close attention is paid to the technique. We rarely recommend this treatment for very young children but do recommend it in partnership with the Lidcombe Program for older children.

What things to monitor before attending stuttering therapy?
To achieve the best possible outcome at a speech pathology appointment, it’s essential that you make close observations of your child’s stuttering and document the following:

How long has your child been stuttering?
Has the stuttering disappeared and then returned? How many times?
What is the stuttering like? Is it the repeating of words/sounds/phrases/sound stretching/sound blocking?
How would you rate the stuttering on a scale of 1 to 10 with 1 being no stuttering to 10 being the worst stuttering you’ve ever heard in a child?
Does the rating you give your child change throughout the day or stay the same?
Try to record your child speaking and bring this to your appointment.

How to support your child while they are experiencing stuttering?
If your child starts stuttering, in addition to making observations and seeking advice from a speech therapist, it’s essential to display sensitivity towards your child. Try not to make a big deal of their stuttering, let them know that you are there to help them through their frustration and that you will wait for them to say what they need to.

It’s so important that you’re not in a hurry to communicate with them. Try to slow down your questions and give them the amount of time they need to express themselves properly. Patience when it comes to stuttering is key.

Has your child started stuttering all of a sudden? Did it go away on its own or did you seek therapy?

By Vincent Borg

Vincent Borg is a leading specialist in stuttering therapy with almost 35 years of practice. He is the principal Speech Pathologist at Box Hill Speech Pathology Clinic.

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Disclaimer: The information on this site is general in nature and should be used for educational and entertainment purposes. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. This blog does not replace formal therapeutic professional advice given by a health professional or medical practitioner. Reviews and endorsements of products will only be made based on my expertise and personal opinion; and deemed worthy of such endorsement. The opinions shared in sponsored content will always be my own and not that of the advertising company or brand. Content, advertising space or posts will be clearly identified if paid, affiliated or sponsored. Affiliate links may be found throughout this website in advertising. This means that if you follow through with a purchase from these links, Your Kids OT will receive a percentage of the sale. Your Kids OT undertakes to meet the requirements of the "Social Media Policy" as published by Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Further information about this policy can be found here.

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Hi, I'm Cindy and I am an Occupational Therapist. I enjoy working creatively with children to see them reach their potential. Read more about me here.

Developing Hand Strength for Scissor Skills, Handwriting and More!

Pre-scissor Skills: Opening and Closing Hands

Scissor Skills Busy Boxes!

Why is my child stuttering all of a sudden? {GUEST POST}

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