Poke poke poke.

Kids love making holes! Here is a legitimate way that they can make holes and learn at the same time.... by using "push pins" (or drawing pins, depending on where you are in the world). 

If you have been following me here at Your Kids OT for a while, you will know that I love incorporating push pin activities into therapy session for SO many reasons.  From the development of fine motor skillls, hand strength, building eye/ hand coordination to providing sensory feedback to the hand whilst learning. The fingers are provided with "'heavy work" and lots of proprioceptive information is fed back to the fingers and hands during these activities. Children are so engaged with push pin activities and they often "work hard" even when they are beginning to fatigue.  Read more about the reasons for using push pins HERE. 

All push pin activities should be supervised closely.  These activities are not suitable for those who are mouthing objects and unable to follow instructions. Recommended age for use of push pins is 4 years and older. 

Here are 5 ways to incorporate push pins to learning!

1. Push Pins and Lacing Cards
​Use a cork mat and lay a "lacing/threading" card on top. These cards already have holes in them, normally use to weave laces in and out for preschool age children.  Preschool age children enjoy the novelty of placing push pins into the holes of these cards. 

If you don't have lacing cards, use cardboard and a hole punch to create your own pictures. 

2. Push Pins and Playdough Crossing the Midline

Create two playdough rings.  Use push pins (I have flower ones) that are planted into playdough rings when I call out left or right.  This encourages children to work on crossing the midline, left and right discrimination. 

These skills are important especially for those who those who shuffle along their chair when they write or make adjustments to avoid crossing the midline. Read more about crossing the midline and bilateral coordination HERE.

3. Push Pins and Playdough Letter Formation

Create letters using playdough.  Use a push pin to make holes in the playdough letter.  Make sure you start in the correct position and move in the correct direction for writing the letter.  You can work on lowercase letters, capital letters, shapes, numbers, a child's name or even words. 
 

4. Push Pins with Paper: Pictures and Letters

​This activity moves a child from object-based learning to paper activities.  It links physical hands-on learning with what is going on in printed form.  You will need the printables from the YKOT to either create a picture or letter.

We use a cork mat, laying down coloured paper and the chosen printable page.  We can focus on one letter and picture; using this as a writing prompt to write a sentence.  Children love to hold up their final picture to the light and see it coming through the holes. 

For younger children, I use the picture printable to create a drawing. 

For some children, I use the face emotion pictures and link this with social emotional learning.

Find the printables ...
* Alphabet Dot Pictures
* Push Pin Poke Drawing Templates

These printables are also available at the YKOT Teachers Pay Teachers Store ($US).

5. Push Pin, Die and Numbers!

Numbers, maths and a "die" go hand in hand.  We add a push pin to make this a very hands on learning experience. I use an old game insert with square hole to draw small square shapes. You could also just draw some squares. 
​
We can work on:-
* number identification - roll the die and make holes to match
* writing numbers - roll the die, make holes and write the number
* before and after numbers - roll the die, make holes, then write the number before and the number after
* addition and subraction - roll the die to find numbers to add or subtract, make holes to work out the answer

 Watch these Push Pin Activities on the You-Tube Video.

What is your favourite "push pin" activity and which one will you try out? 

Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
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​

TheimportanceoftheSIZEoflettersandspacingcannotbeundervaluedwhenitcomestohandwritinglegibility.

Did you get that? 

The importance of the size of letters and spacing can not be undervalued when it comes to handwriting legibility. The size of letters, their alignment to the writing line and having adequate spaces between words (and letters)  affects how we read written information. 

Ideally we want all writing (letters and spacing) to be uniform but many can not achieve this (even adults)! If just one aspect of neat writing is achieved, then it does help the reader to deciper the written work. 

Before I give you some tips, try an experiment... 

Get out some ruled lined paper.  Draw two horizontal lines between the printed lines, dividing the space into thirds. Make sure the lines are parallel with the spacing staying consistent.  Don't turn the page and don't turn your arm. Did you find this easy or difficulty? 

Now ask your child to do the same.  Can they draw two horizontal lines with consistent spacing? 

I would say that if your child has handwriting difficulties then they will want to move the page or their arm.  They will have difficulty with consistent spacing and their lines will not run parrallel.  This is probably (and I'm making broad generalisations)  due to difficulty with visual spatial awareness, visual motor control and pencil control. There may be underlying difficulties in other areas too. 

Ok, so what can we do about it? 

1. Sizing and spacing with blocks. 
​I use 1cm craft blocks to represent the size of a "small letter".  We use two stacked blocks above the line for a "capital letter" or "tall letter". Two blocks (one above and one below) are used to represent a "tail letter".  

Single words are practiced with the blocks and then sentences are made.  We work on a block space between each word. 

We work on making short sentences with the blocks and then writing the sentence (either on a whiteboard or chalkboard). Some children may require an adult to write the sentence as a model for them to make with blocks. 

This is a visually engaging way to help children to develop visual spatial awareness whilst working on size and spacing. 

2. Meatballs and Spaghetti. 
This idea has been around for a long time and encourages children to place "meatball" size spaces between words and "spaghetti" size spaces between letters.  You can make this more visually obvious by using something like wikki stix or playdough to make the meatball and spaghetti.  

Playdough and wikki stix also afford the flexibility of making the writing line and letters of the alphabet.  You can work on the size of letters and their alignment to that line. 

3. White writing implements!
Don't throw away the unused white crayon or white pencil.  Use these to help delineate spaces between words.  Have your child switch from their ordinary pencil to the white one to draw a small dot between words. 

For some children the action of putting down one pencil and picking up another (in any colour) will help with the motor plan to leave a gap between words.  I prefer a white pencil for obvious reasons ... that it can't be obviously when we look at the overall sentence.  The child is introduced to "white space" between words.   

If this is not enough to help your child with spacing, you may use a coloured pencil between the ordinary pencil to make a more obvious dot. 

4. Grid paper.
Grid paper (or boxed paper) is often used by children in mathematics or for Chinese students in writing characters.  There is a reason for this... it helps visually with spacing and size!

You can practice visual motor and pencil control skills with grid paper.  Have your child copy patterns to see if they can continue with the same size and spacing that you have drawn. 

You can use the grid paper to work on letter sizes and word spacing too. Each square could represent the height of a small letter with two letters being the size of a tall letter. Alternatively, a square could be the size of tall letter and the child needs to write in half the square to create a small letter. Using the grid paper is adapable to your child's needs.

In the example below, this child has difficulty with visual motor and pencil control skills.  We work on these things, however the achievement for this child is having a letter in each box providing a small space between each letter and then a large space (a box) between each word.

The size of the grid paper you choose will depend on the age and ability of your child. 

5. Modified (or adapative) paper.
There are a number of variations of modified paper on the market. From my own "Earth paper lines" to these examples here, here and here. 

For some children, changing the paper up is the quickest way to helping them see how letters should be sized and spaced for legibility.  They can use the paper (or try a few options) to develop good writing habits.  The paper is then "weaned off" so that the child can make links to ordindary paper and carry over their new found legibility.  

Some children will find the "carry over" and "weaning off" difficult and they benefit from a longer term use of modified paper.

For some children the modified or even grid paper doesn't work! Why?  Modified and grid paper requires a certain amount of visual spatial awareness and pencil control already to use it.  For these children, the modified paper just highlights how difficult writing is to start with and they may need more help with noticing lines and distinguishing shapes.  For example, a ruler can provide a physical boundary for the writing line so students "bump the line" (read more here).

So when is a good time to work on letter sizes and spacing??

Generally when children are introduced to writing letters, formation is of key importance.  The starting position, the direction and the shape of letters (and numbers).  We don't worry too much about sizing and spacing as we want children to be successful and gain pencil control.  For Kindergarten children (approx age 5- 6 years old) learning to write may find it easier to use their whole arm to control the pencil and may be only beginning to develop dynamic finger movements on the pencil (ie. a dynamic tripod grasp). This is why they find it easier to write large letters and words. 

As children move onto writing sentences and a writing line is introduced; spacing and sizing become more important. 

Older children (ie. 8 years and older) referred for occupational therapy with poor handwriting legibility benefit greatly from working on sizing and spacing. This is when legibility is prioritised over letter formation and we want more output (writing) on the page. 

Need more tips on handwriting?  Make sure you read past articles HERE. 

You can also find more information in "THE HANDWRITING BOOK" where I am a contributing author.  This e-book may now be purchased from the Your Kids OT SHOP.

Which suggestion will you be trying with your child to work on sizing and spacing in handwriting? 
​

No, I don’t want to.
No, I can’t do it.
No, I want to but I don’t know how.
No, not today.
No, I have never done this before.
No, not in front of you.
No, I wasn’t expecting to do this.
No, I think it is too hard.
No, I don’t have enough time.
No, you have already asked me.
No, I’ve done it before so why do I have to do it again?
 
What does “no” mean?

Children who are “demand avoidant” are not “being naughty”. They are not seeking a power struggle with you as the adult in their lives. They are impacted by anxiety, fear and loss of control where a task (which appears to be within their scope to complete) becomes unachievable.  Simple tasks and even tasks they have completed previously are too “demanding”. 

Pathological Demand Avoidance is described as a profile of Autism. A low threshold of tolerance to a variety of “demands” results in the child reacting with a fight, flight or freeze response. Anxiety and a need to feel in control underpin a child’s avoidant behavior.

Each child who demonstrates avoidant behavior may do this in different ways. It could include shouting, laughing, crying, screaming, hiding, not talking, running away, throwing things, repetitive actions and more. Different children will present in different ways. One individual child may also show a range of behaviour that changes depending on the demand or who the child is with at the time. 
​

The PDA society lists the following key principles for parents, teachers and therapist in helping a child with PDA; built on an engaged relationship between the child and adult.
P: Pick Battles
A: Anxiety Management
N: Negotiation and Collaboration
D: Disguise and Manage Demands
A: Adaptation

As an occupational therapist, finding the “just right challenge” is important for all children. For children with PDA, this can be particularly challenging. The importance of a therapeutic relationship should not be underestimated.  Built on trust; rapport and respect need to be established before any “demands” can be expected. A therapeutic goal of “joint attention to a task” may be an essential foundation before further goals are established. 

Whilst every child is different, here are 5 examples of incorporating the PDA society principles.

1. Support sensory needs.

Every child has different sensory needs.  The environment, the task and the child’s own body can influence the needs of the child. If your child has sensory needs, it may be beneficial to contact an occupational therapist to discuss their individual requirements.
 
In general; “heavy work” or opportunities for proprioception to joints, muscles and skin can help a child to regulate. This may include:

• High energy movements such as jogging and jumping on the trampoline.
• Opportunities for weighted or resistance activities such as carrying a weighted bag, hanging on monkey bars or pushing against a lycra chair strap. 
• Incorporating oral motor input such as eating a crunchy apple, blowing bubbles, chewing on a silicon pendant.
• Deep pressure with a weighted blanket, receiving a massage or squeezing a pillow.

 
You can read more about sensory supports:

• Sensory Diet
• Grounded in Senses
• Tools for Regulation

 
2. Include a puppet (or toy or pet).

Puppets can help with communication. They can be used in a variety of ways that are engaging and fun for the child. Here are some examples for using a puppet:

• Demonstration – The puppet could demonstrate how a task is done or model behaviour.
• De-personalisation – The puppet could be used to role-play social situations, perspectives, responses, flexibility, etc.
• Audience – The puppet could watch the child as non-threatening support.
• Asking for help – The child could assist the puppet to achieve something.
• Humour – The puppet could attempt the task in an unexpected way or perhaps they have difficulty achieving the task because they are a puppet after all (ie. They may have no feet to put shoes onto or no teeth to brush).

​
3. Be flexible.

There is nothing achieved with a power struggle between an adult and child. Having plan B is an important adaptation. Whilst some tasks should not be avoided for safety or long term health, many tasks can be forgone for something else or at least postponed.

When a task really needs to be done, consider:

• Offering a choice of time (eg. Shall we brush our teeth before breakfast or after?)
• Asking for help to complete the task (eg. Can you help me work out how to cut the sandwich?)
• Presenting it in a different way (eg. A writing task using a choice of a different colours for each line.)
• Using visual prompts (eg. Choice of activities and a choice of what order they are completed).
• Take the scenic route whilst building trust and rapport (eg. You may remove the task and distract with a conversation of interest.  You may offer an alternative activity first.  You may offer a buddy system.  You may offer to complete the task together.  You may do the task alongisde the child). 

4. Explore and engage with the child’s interest.

Whilst there are often concerns of a child’s predominant interests becoming obsessions, exploring and engaging with the child’s interest may be an important step in “joint attention” and establishing rapport.

Can the interest be used to try new activities? (eg. An interest in camping may lead to cutting paper “logs” to build a camp fire. An interest in planets may lead to drawing dotted lines for the space ship to visit each planet. An interest in video games may lead to creating a game to learn letters in a child’s name.)
 
5. Praise and rewards used unconventionally.

Praise comes naturally when something is done well.  We want to praise the child and their efforts. We want to reward behaviour that we want to see repeated.  These can both (whilst seemingly positive) can cause a child to feel anxious with a perceived demand to repeat or improve performance of the activity (which may be your motivation and what you want).  
Complicated!
This requires re-framing so …

• Instead of offering a reward for completing an activity… you could try a surprise reward. (eg. We are going to have a treat as the room is tidied up).
• Instead of praising the child… report on the results. (eg. The toys are in their containers.)

• Instead of unrelated consequences…link rewards to the result of completing the activity. (eg. The room has an empty space so we place our bean bags in the middle and use our ipads).

 
Videos, books and social stories can be useful ways to help a child with PDA to de-personalise situations, learn from modelling and discuss how others approach a task or situation.

Head over to Growing Hands on Kids where I have also written ANOTHER five strategies to support PDA - 5 Strategies to Support Pathological Demand Avoidance - Growing Hands-On Kids (growinghandsonkids.com) including creating a game with the task, do the task together, reduce indirect demands, ask without asking, using humor or novelty. 

Supporting a child with PDA takes time, creativity, patience and empathy. It is not easy and emotions may run high quickly. For further information on Pathological Demand Avoidance, refer to:
* PDA Society,
* Sally Cat’s PDA Page,
* Pathological Demand Avoidance Australia & New Zealand,
* Pathological Demand Avoidance Teaching Strategies (Podcast)


​Do you support a child with PDA?  What has worked for you both? 

 Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/shop/yourkidsot
YKOT shop:  https://www.yourkidsot.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html
Teachers Pay Teachers: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Your-Kids-Ot
You Tube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZUz_5nYEOCkj32DiOCQo4Q/featured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/yourkidsot
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/yourkidsot/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com.au/yourkidsot/
​

We are approaching Easter and the run to the school holidays here in Sydney is real! Just a few day left of the term. 

Create a cute bouncing bunny with a FREE template.

• Have your child cut out the bunny face and feet.
• Cut out two paper strips.
• Place the paper strips perpendicular to each other before folding (alternating between pieces).
• Secure end and then paste on bunny head and feet.

An Easter inspired activity to encourage scissor skills, bilateral coordination and motor planning.

Watch me make the bouncing bunny ---> ​https://youtube.com/shorts/z5VTkHFAv3A?feature=share
​
Get your FREE BOUNCING BUNNY PRINTABLE HERE!

Also check out other EASTER inspired activities:

* Q Tip Easter Craft
* Easter Scissor Skills Eggs
* Oral Motor Easter Egg Transfer
* Easter Drawing for Scribblers
* Easter Prewriting Lines and Shapes
​​

HAPPY EASTER and if you have holidays coming, ENJOY!
​

​Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/shop/yourkidsot
YKOT shop:  https://www.yourkidsot.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html
Teachers Pay Teachers: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Your-Kids-Ot
You Tube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZUz_5nYEOCkj32DiOCQo4Q/featured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/yourkidsot
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/yourkidsot/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com.au/yourkidsot/
 

K.I. Al-Ghani is a special educational needs teacher who has worked for more than 35 years.  She is currently a specialist teacher for inclusion support, author and mother of an adult son with ASD, Haitham.  Haitham is the illustrator of the books which K.I. has authored on social emotional learning. 

The following is an overview of the books and my personal opinion for review. These books were purchased from various sources including Amazon and Booktopia. This is not sponsored. 

The books provide a wonderful way to approach tricky subjects with your children with a target audience of approximately 7-11 years.  Each book has valuable information for adults (parents, teachers, therapists) with strategies to address the issues.   There are lots of practical strategies that the children in the story use and which can be tried by your children too. The books provide children with "emotional literacy". It gives children and adults a shared language to talk about these issues together. Picture books also allow children to relate to the characters or distant themselves from the characters if needed.  It may take time or a later discussion to connect some of the issues in the story with themselves. 

I do find each of the stories a little long and "wordy", so you may have to gauge your child's attention span.  Some stories may need to be read in smaller parts or abbreviated.  The pictures provide a talking point and a focal point for children to look at.  Another way to engage your children whilst reading these books, is to assign an action for certain key words that are repeated.  This could include hand or body movements that represent the words.

​On the whole, I have found that some of the children I'm working with can't manage the extensive language in the books so it is more helpful for the adults in their lives to read the books instead. 

Here is a closer look at the books. ​

The Red Beast: Controlling Anger in Children with Asperger's Syndrome.
Back Cover Synopsis:
Deep inside everyone, a red beast lies sleeping. 
When it is asleep, the red beast is quite small, but when it wakes up, it begins to grow and grow.

This is the story of how one boy, Rufus, conquered his anger and sent the red beast back to sleep. 

Opinion:
This picture book deals with a child who loses control of their emotions and lashes out.  He is encouraged by teachers to use sensory solutions to calm down. The "taking to the sensory room" is a bit upsetting as the teachers drag him there. However, once in the room they offer strategies like breathing, squeezing a ball, taking a drink, popping bubble wrap.  The beast within Rufus calms down and he can return to the classroom. 

I do enjoy reading this book with children who are working through social emotional regulation. It gives us a talking point for thinking about how people feel, what people are thinking, the size of the problem, the size of the reaction and calm down strategies.  I think it misses a few things like empathy for Rufus when he is hit, as it paints Rufus as turning into the red beast (like a scary fairy tale) even though the story is saying it is the beast within him. I do like that when the red beast grows, his eyes and ears get small (letting children know when people get upset that it is hard to hear and see what is going on).  You may have to think about how your child might react to this imagery. I think it is also important to emphasize that there is red beast in all of us (which the book does at the beginning) and not to single out one child with this issue of difficulty with anger management. 
​

Winston Wallaby Can't Stop Bouncing: What do do about hyperactivity in children including those with ADHD, SPD and ASD.
Back Cover Synopsis:
Winston Wallaby, like most wallabies, loves to bounce.  However, Winston can't seem to ever sit still and when he starts school he needs helps to concentrate...Luckily his teacher Mrs Calm show Winston how to settle down and focus his mind in class, and he learns new ways to help him with touch, feel, attention and awareness.

This books was written to help children with ADHD, SPD and ASD to recognize their sensory needs and develop tools to support them. 

Opinion:
This picture books links movement with inattention. It addresses the issue that Winston is trying his hardest but he can't fix the problem on his own. Sometimes his "bouncing" means that he misses instructions, physically hurts someone else or knocks things over.  The book shines here when the teacher encourages the whole class to use the sensory strategies so Winston is not always singled out.  Whilst Winston has a phrase that he repeats to himself throughout the book "I won't bounce", it would be also great to ask your children to think of other things that he could have told himself (ie. positive self talk). 

Panicosaurus: Managing Anxiety in Children including those with Asperger Syndrome.
Back Cover Synopsis:
Have you ever felt a sense of dread and worry creeping over you? That might be the Panicosaurus coming out to play...
Sometimes the Panicosaurus tricks Mabel's brain into panicking about certain challenges, such as walking past a big dog on the street or when her favourite teacher is not at school.  With the help of Smartosaurus, who lets her know there is really nothing to be afraid of, Mabel discovers different ways to manage Panicosaurus, and defeat the challenges he creates for her. 

Opinion:
The dinosaur chararacters are linked to parts to the brain to give children information about how our emotions and the brain are connected. Panicosaurus is described as "naughty" from the outset as a trouble maker for the girl character, Mabel. Where the previous book doesn't use "self-talk", this book does! I love the empathy of the fellow students in this book and how the main character is never made to feel "bad" about the difficulties she is experiencing. This book is a great way to talk about what situations might cause a child to be anxious and what strategies they might try.

When using this book with one student we created different plans for different situations.  I created a Smartosaurus vs Panicosaurus worksheet with a "playground plan". This included  a reflection of how panicosaurus might trick us, how  our body feels and smartosauraus' plan to solve the problem. 
​

The Disappointment Dragon: Learning to cope with disappointment (for all children and dragon tamers, including those with Asperger Syndrome).
Back Cover Synopsis:
When things don't go our way, the Disappointment Dragon can come to visit and take us down to his home in the valley of despair...  The disappointment dragon visits Bobby when he is not picked for the school football team.  He also finds Lucinda when she has to miss an exciting school trip because she has the chicken pox.  He even tries to take the whole of Class 3 down to the Valley of Despair when their favourite teacher moves away.  Will the Dragon of Hope be able to chase away the Disappointment Dragon and help them to see things more positively? 

Opinion: 
This book is divided into 5 stories to introduce and address different ways a child might experience disappointment.  This is a difficult topic to address and I have found this is my least favourite of the Al-Ghani picture books. Even though the introduction and the strategy sections of the book warn the adult reading it not to jump in to "fix" the situation and shield children from life's disappointments, I found that the stories do emphasize "banishing" the dragon.

When reading these stories (or maybe before), I think it is good to acknowledge that we can all be disappointed and this is a normal reaction when we can't get or do something we want.  Maybe it is beyond our control (eg. the weather, or someone else moving) or  maybe it is because there are rules that we need to follow (eg. mask wearing, lockdown restrictions).

For children, disappointment can hit hard as they can feel that there is very little that they can control or have a voice about. Whilst I agree with the book there are ways to help children to feel more hopeful, there is also more to it that a child might need to work through including perspective, flexible thinking, letting ideas go whilst showing the child empathy. ​

Super Shamlal: Living and Learning with Pathological Demand Avoidance.
Back Cover Synopsis:
Shamlal the Camel finds it almost impossible to do all the normal, everyday things that the other camels do.  Her first word was "NO" and this is still the word she repeats the most throughout every day.   Luckily, Shamlal's parents take her to a psychologist who explains that she has PDA, and gives her tips for how to live and learn with it. 

Opinion:
I think this is a wonderful book for adults.  The story clearly describes what is like for the camel who experiences panic when asked to do ordinary activities. It provides ways to help someone who is experiencing this to work through SODA (Switch on the thinking brain, oxygen, distraction and approval) and many more fantastic strategies including ask without asking, using humour, work as a double act, variety is the spice of life, handwriting help, using praise, supporting sensory needs, a typical day and more!

In the story itself, the camel goes to a psychologist who gives Shamlal the label "Pathologcal Demand Avoidance".  I think for the children I work with, having this label or knowing this is what others are thinking of them... is not necesarily helpful to them.  It may be helpful for their parents, however many of the children I see are not diagnosed.  For my own use, I leave out the diagnosis and also shorten some of the story telling.  It is beautiful story telling, however it makes the book very long to read. This may be a good book for parents or teachers to read across several days in a row.  ​

Are you Feeling Cold, Yuki? Interoception and Internal Body Awareness for Children with ASD, PDA, SPD, ADHD and DCD.
Back Cover Synopsis:
Yuki the snow monkey lives in Japan with his family and friends.  He sometimes find it hard to realise when his body is giving him signals, like when he is hungry or cold.  Grandfather helps Yuki to understand what his "funny feelings" mean, and what his brain is trying to tell him. 

This illustrated book will help children to build interoceptive awareness and gain an understanding of the body's activities.  It also includes further information for parents and carers, as well as downloaded activities and strategies for building interceptive abilities. 

Opinion:
I love this book! This is probably one of my favourite books in this collection as it keeps the message simple and clear. Grandfather monkey is kind and takes young Yuki through an interoceptive program.  He draws the body outline in snow and explains about skin, the brain and body parts. Grandfather then guides Yuki through a series of actvities to bring awareness to sensations in different body parts and feelings (like hunger, the need to toilet and anger). A complete bonus but a brilliant one is access to the downloadable workbook. There are over 40 pages of information and guided interoception activities. Even if you have no other training, this workbook is easy to follow and user-friendly. 
​
There is one more book in the series by Al-Ghani called "The Green Eye Goblin" which I have read but don't own.  There is also a series of social stories that she has written on Friendship. I have found these stories useful to use with children to talk about different issues which may affect friendships including learning to share, spitting, winning/losing, when to tell on others, obsessions, personal hygiene, personal space, using tact, being taken advantage of and jealousy. 

Overall, I highly recommend these books as fantastic resources for social emotional learning. They will teach both the adult reader and the child, providing information about the issue and pratical strategies to help address them. 

Have you read these books? Do you use them?  I would love to hear your comments about these books or others you might use for social emotional learning. 
​

Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
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​​Children learn through play. They learn by doing, experiencing things for themselves.

We want our children to be safe, however risk tasking is an essential feature of play and healthy childhood development.

​I was recently interviewed by a current affairs television program about a local playground which has been controversial with some parents regarding it's risks.  The segment understandably hasn't aired (and may not air) as I think there have been and continue to be bigger issues in the world right now. 
 
I thought I would share some of my thoughts on risky play for children with you here. 

Australian Playground Safety Standards
On the 30th August, 2017 the Australian Standards issued a new Playground Safety Standard for the development, installation, inspection, maintenance and operation of playgrounds.  The objective of AS 4685.0 is to minimize the risk of injury to playground users. 

Professor David Eager, Chairperson of the Technical Committee CS-005, Playground Equipment, "Risk is an inherent feature of playtime and there are many acceptable risks as part of a stimulating and challenging learning environment. The solution is not to wrap kids in cotton wool; the standard is all about challenging children and developing important life skills.

AS 4685.0 introduces a risk benefit analysis technique that allows operators and owners of playgrounds to quantify their exposure to hazards using techniques that are simple to apply. Then they can make evidence-based decisions with regard to the maintenance, repairs and the timely replacement of their assets” .

CEO of Standards Australia, Dr Bronwyn Evans said “the standard helps promote one of the joys of an Australian childhood. In a world that is increasingly digital it is important that children enjoy physical play environments as well,” added Dr Evans.* 

Playgrounds in general provide a hands-on opportunity for children to learn about their bodies and the environment that they are interacting with.  When you include risky elements in play, children can challenge themselves to try new things and work out what is an acceptable risk for them. 

There are opportunities for children to have physical challenges with bodies... their balance, their strength and movement.  In an experiential and experimental way; children can work out how far, how high, how heavy or how wobbly something is.  They can work it out for themselves and make adjustments. 

Beyond the physical development, educators and occupational therapists get excited by the social emotional skills that are gained from these experiences. Children learn problem solving – trying different ways to work something out, perseverance – trying things over and over, resilience – how to react when something doesn’t work and confidence when something is achieved.  This can be impactful to a child's self esteem and also help them to know when to ask for help. 

What can parents do? 
Risky play does not mean unsupervised play.  

It is not an excuse for parents to be looking at their phones rather than their children.  I love my phone as much as the next person; but playgrounds should be seen as opportunities for interaction, engagement and supervised play. 

We as parents can help our children to manage their risks. 

Firstly, we can stop ourselves from jumping in too quickly to solve the problems.  Supervised play does not mean making every decision for our child.

We can help our children by giving them the opportunity to problem solve and learn the consequences of their choices. 

We can help our children to look at a situation or problem from a different perspective – I wonder if that log would work? I wonder if we pushed instead of pulled what would happen? Is that bridge going to be wobbly? What if we held on with two hands? 

We can help our children with positive self-talk such as “I can do this.  Let me try again. I’m not giving up.”

We can help our children to try new experiences whether that be climbing a little higher than they have before, spinning on something, touching a new texture, balancing with no hands holding or whatever the new experience might be.  Finding a challenge 

Some children are natural risk takers and others are not. Read more about helping children to manage risks and hazards with the Kidsafe (Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Australia). 
​
​

Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/shop/yourkidsot
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​

Source:
* Quoted from www.standards.org.au/news/new-australian-standard-for-playground-safety
​

Drawing is a stage of development where children are assigning meaning to marks on the page. Lines and shapes positioned together become representations of objects and people. As the child develops those lines and shapes are used in handwriting to form letters and numbers.

As an occupational therapist, I use a multisensory approach for teaching children to draw. This helps guide a child to associate the object with the drawing...in this case a house.

A multi-sensory approach is an engagment of the whole body during learning.  It helps with visual spatial skills, motor planning and memory of the activity. 

Each of the three steps that I'm using to teach drawing includes singing a song about a house.  Music and singing is a wonderful way for children to have a repetitive way to sequence and recall different components for drawing a house. 

I'll outline the three step approach below; however this process is best observed via the video that I've recorded.  You will find the you tube linked here on the website or if you are reading this email use this link HERE. 

1. SING AND ACTIONS

Here's a house with a wall (hold up one arm vertically and keep it up) 
with a wall (hold other arm vertically and keep it up) 
with a wall (keep both arms up).
Here's a house with a floor (place one arm horizontal and hold)
with a floor (place other arm horizontal on top and hold)
with a floor (keep both arms horizontal).
Here's a house with a roof (place one arm diagonally above head and hold)
with a roof (place other arm diagonally above head with fingers touching other arm and hold)
with a roof.
HERE COMES THE WIND (make blowing noises and arms shake)
There's no house any more any more (arms are lowered and you can also fall down).
There's no house any more. 

Repeat the song and actions several times. 

​2. SING AND MAKE
I use matchsticks to help children to make the house.  Match sticks are a good size to encourage a small drawing.  Alternatives you might use include wikki stix, pipe cleaners, craft sticks or even pencils.

Sing the song again and instead of doing the hand actions, place down a match stick for each wall, the floor and the roof.  I like to join the house into a square before adding a roof. Have your child make their house next to yours and as you sing.  Slow down the singing if needed to allow time for the "making". 

3. SING AND DRAW
After the child has learnt how to make a house, you can then introduce a pencil. You may leave the model of the matchstick house for your child to observe. 

I like to draw the house with the child so that they are imitating my strokes and direction.  This helps children with the visual motor planning needed to draw. I use the same steps to draw as I did in placing the matchsticks (ie. the same order as I sing). Have your child draw their house next to yours and as you sing.  Slow down the singing if needed to allow time for the "drawing". 

​Encourage your child to sing along at every step!   

Have you tried a multisensory approach to drawing? 

What other songs could you adapt in the same was that I've adapted this song?  I would love to try out your ideas too so comment below, tag Your Kids OT on Instagram or send me an email cindy@yourkidsot.com.

Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/shop/yourkidsot
YKOT shop:  https://www.yourkidsot.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html
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You Tube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZUz_5nYEOCkj32DiOCQo4Q/featured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/yourkidsot
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/yourkidsot/
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​You may also like: 

Refusing to write.
Sore hands during writing.
Having difficulty forming letters.
Confusing letters of the alphabet.
Reversing letter formation.
Unable to write on a line.

Handwriting continues to be one of the main reasons I am asked to see children for occupational therapy.

These are some of my top tips for helping to teach and remediate handwriting! 

1. Check Pencil Grasp
Whilst grasp doesn't always affect legibility, it should always be considered when a child is complaining about handwriting. It is important to consider a child's age foremost when looking at pencil grasp. Are they holding the pencil in a way that is developmentally appropriate?

Are they efficient and functional?

Does their pencil grasp demonstrate the fundamentals for good pencil control (ie. an open web space; tripod grasp between the thumb, index and third finger; separation of the two sides of the hand)? Read more about pencil grasp HERE and HERE! Find toys and activities to encourage fine motor skills HERE.

Read more about what to consider if your child can't use a "typical" grasp" HERE. 

Pinch and Flip! A quick trick to achieve a dynamic pencil grasp.

Would your child benefit from the use of a silicon pencil grip?  A slope board? 

I have a lot more to say about pencil grasp...but you will have to wait until the next book is finished!
(progress is being made and it is going to be EPIC)

2. Check Fluency and Pencil Control

Ideally, a child will use the intrinsic muscles of their hand to move the pencil for writing. This dynamic movement allows them to have mastery of lines, curves and shapes and therefore smooth pencil control.  Pencil control and fluency of movement is also affected by a child's visual motor skills as they move the pencil to create "neat meaningful" strokes on the page. "

You can read more aboute pencil fluency HERE. 

3. Check Postural stability and Core strength

If your child is having difficulty with pencil control and fluency of movement, they may be using their whole arm or elbow or wrist to control the pencil.  Shoulder stability and arm strength is seen when these are held in a relaxed position.  The forearm and wrist are then supported on the table with the wrist slighlty extended.  It is important for children to develop postural stability (to be able to sit upright) and core strength so that they are stable enough to use their hands for something as complex as handwriting.

Read more about gross motor skills for page stabilization during handwriitng and gym ball activities.

4. Check letter formation.
Letter formation (ie. writing letters)  is a complex skill that requires the ability to control the pencil, plan how to combine lines and shapes and assign meaning to them.  

Teaching letters is often taught in groups for the benefit of reading (which is important).  Occupational therapists also like to group letters into "families" to help children to become familiar with the letters that start with the same motor pattern.  A multi-sensory approach to letter formation can help children to learn the correct starting points and the direction needed to form a letter.  Kinesthetic learning (incorporating movement with learning)  will help with motor and visual memory as well as help to prevent letter reversals. 

Refer to the following information and resources:

• Letter families HERE
• Multisensory Approach to Preventing Letter Reversals HERE
• Visual Perceptual skills Required for Handwriting  HERE
• Lowercase Letter formation program HERE
• More alphabet resources HERE.

Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/shop/yourkidsot
YKOT shop:  https://www.yourkidsot.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html
Teachers Pay Teachers: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Your-Kids-Ot
You Tube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZUz_5nYEOCkj32DiOCQo4Q/featured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/yourkidsot
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/yourkidsot/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com.au/yourkidsot/
​

​It is a new school year here in Australia and our children have headed back into the classrooms.  Everyone is hoping for a smoother year with less disruptions than the last few years! There are many new adjustments with twice weekly rapid antigen tests and mask wearing (mandatory for high schoolers).  How have your children adjusted to "new school routines"? or Have you had children starting school for the first time? 

As we look ahead at 2022, as adults we like to plan and have goals. I REALLY like doing this now and hence the OT Planners that I published recently (Natural and Swish Designs).  I'm using my planner every day!

As a child, I was never very good at the idea of goal setting.  What did I want to achieve? Shrug. I don't know.  I was happy where I was and what I was doing.  When someone asked me what I wanted to learn... I don't know.  I think one of my own children are a bit like me. 

I've created some new planning tools have been designed to assist your sc hool age child (middle school and high school) with their executive functioning skills. 

The framework can be introduced as a traffic light system with the red associated with stop (or goal), the yellow light associated with think (or plan) and the green light associated with go (perform the activity). A "u-turn" feature has been included to assist your child to return to the beginning to check their progress. Students will need to be taught the components which correspond to each light.

The resource has been designed with alternate wording (ie. stop/goal, think/plan) to provide versatility for use. It may be important for your child to grasp "stop" for attention or focus with an emphasis on whole body listening. In this case the STOP THINK DO CHECK framework may be more suitable. For some children, the concept of goal setting is more familiar to them and therefore the GOAL PLAN DO CHECK framework may be more appropriate.

A small version of the STOP THINK DO CHECK and GOAL PLAN DO CHECK has been created. These smaller versions of the visual aids may be cut out and stuck on a desk or inside a workbook.

The idea with this framework is that it can be used with individual children according to their needs.  These could be goals from writing neatly on the page, finish work in the classroom within the allocated time, playing safely on equipment, raising a hand to ask a question rather than calling out, unpacking a bag in the morning independently, sitting with the other children on the floor, etc. 

​The worksheet pages provides a student the opportunity to focus on tasks and goals that they may be having difficulty achieving. A separate print out of the worksheet page should be used for each goal/task. The worksheet guides a student through the framework to plan (with the assistance of a parent, teacher or therapist) how these goals or tasks may be achieved.

Your child may have difficulty with different aspects of the goal, plan, do, check procedure.  That's ok. This is not a worksheet for independent work!

The child, depending on their cognitive ability may be encouraged to come up with as much of the plan as they can. Mistakes can help children to learn. As the helping adult, you may want to jump in and change the plan.  You can guide your child, however it it is safe to do so, you may allow the plan that you don't think will work to be actioned. This is where the importance of the "check" part occurs where a child evaulates what happened and whether a goal was achieved. 

A page of "school goals" is included in this resource to prompt discussion with parents and teachers. These can be used to identify broad areas of need before measurable goals are written. The goal pages can be used in discussion with the student to determine priorities and to plan how they may be achieved.

The Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach is an evidence based approach used by some occupational therapists. Read more about a Co-op approach HERE from the American OT association or jump in to do the FREE online course by the University of Toroto (where the approach originated) HERE. This resource may be used to support a Co-op approach though the GOAL PLAN DO CHECK pages.

If handwriting is difficult for a student, the worksheets may be discussed with them and completed by the adult. 

The last two pages of the resource that I've created are a repeat of the Goal Plan Do Check (CPDC) worksheets with the context of an OT session or a classroom environment These pages have the inclusion of what the teacher or parent may see as a goal for the student as this may guide how the student themselves sets their goals. The plan is also divided into three sections: developing skills, using resources and equipment, modifying the environment.  This will help a student (and adult) to think of a wide range of options for achieving the goals. 

Watch a walk through of this resource on you-tube: Goal Planning Tools

Do you have a student (or class)  who may benefit from these executive functioning tools? 
​
Executive functioning skills are important for classroom and school participation. It is hoped that this NEW resource will provide some support towards your child's participation.

Let me know if you try out these tools and how your children find using them.
​

​Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a contributing author of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. ​​​
Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/shop/yourkidsot
YKOT shop:  https://www.yourkidsot.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html
Teachers Pay Teachers: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Your-Kids-Ot
You Tube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZUz_5nYEOCkj32DiOCQo4Q/featured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/yourkidsot
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/yourkidsot/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com.au/yourkidsot/

Bubbles!

Most (ok almost all) children love bubbles! Even my dog loves bubbles! 

And like my dog, your child has the capacity to have some self-control.  They can control their impulses (with help and training).

This is an important skill in life for children to learn.  Often it is a safety issue.  

Children need to resist the impulse to run across the road. They need to resist the impulse to reach to something bright red and hot. Maybe they need to resist climbing the ladder just because it is there. 

As children get older, they may need to learn self control and impulse control so that they are not running down the aisle at a grocery story or touching everything on the shelves.  Maybe they have to work out what is appropriate to say or not to say. 

Whilst this activity will not address these particular issues of impulse and self control, activities such as these (for toddlers, preschoolers and early infants school age children) can teach them attention skills and begin to teach them that they have control over their own actions (ie. control over their own bodies).

Bubble Game!

What you need:
Bubbles and a bubble wand.
(Alternatively use some dishwashing detergent or make it harder for your child by using an automatic bubble machine). 

How to play: 
1. Blow bubbles so that your child can pop as many as they can.
2. Ask your child to freeze their feet and legs.  They can pop the bubbles now with their upper body. 
3. Ask your child to freeze all over.  They can't pop the bubbles at all. 
4.  Unfreeze and allow your child to pop as many bubbles as they can. Repeat.

Notes: 
1. Allow your child to unfreeze and freeze at whatever length of time suits them.  You may allow them to pop bubbles for longer and freeze for a very short length of time when you are first introducing the game. 
2. Blow the bubbles further away from your child if they are having difficulty resisting the "pop".  Praise them for trying when they do resist it.
3. Ask your child to freeze in a certain position to add interest (eg. like a dinosaur, like a tree, like a teapot).
4. Play this with a group of friends.
5. You could start by standing a distance away from your child and as they demonstrate that they can resist popping, you could step forward towards them.
6. Swap roles with your child so that they blow the bubbles and you freeze. 
7.  Change the activity to pop the bubbles with a certain part of the body (eg. elbow, knee). 

This is a fun game that will appeal to lots of children! You could even play this at a birthday party!

Do you have a favourite game to help your child with "impulse control and self-control"? 

Cindy is a registered occupational therapist practising in Sydney, Australia.  She has two growing children who are a constant source of inspiration and learning.  Cindy loves working creatively to help children to reach their potential, finding opportunities in everyday living and making learning fun. She is also addicted to making printables (even when they take a long time to complete).  Cindy is the author of the Occupational Therapy blog Your Kids OT.  Read more articles from Your Kids OT at https://www.yourkidsot.com/blog

Cindy is a member of the Functional Skills for Kids Therapy Team.  They have together published THE HANDWRITING BOOK, THE SCISSORS SKILLS BOOK and THE TOILETING BOOK.

​The information on this site is general in nature. The activities are safe for most children, however, you should consult an Occupational Therapist or health professional to address specific movement, sensory or other medical conditions. Affiliate links are used throughout this website to promote recommended products. Your Kids OT receives a small commission if any purchases are made through these links. Please see my disclosure policy for more details. â€‹â€‹â€‹
Amazon Store: https://www.amazon.com/shop/yourkidsot
YKOT shop:  https://www.yourkidsot.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.html
Teachers Pay Teachers: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Your-Kids-Ot
You Tube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZUz_5nYEOCkj32DiOCQo4Q/featured
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/yourkidsot
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/yourkidsot/
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​
Have a look at my 16 month old labrador Monte as he demonstrates the Bubble game!